Staff Turnover là gì? Turnover rate là gì?
Staff Turnover được biết đến là số lượng nhân viên nghỉ việc rời khỏi công ty và cần được thay thế bởi người mới trong một khoảng thời gian nhất định. Turnover rate là tỷ lệ thôi việc, con số này đưa ra tỷ lệ số lượng nhân viên nghỉ việc trên số lượng nhân viên bình quân trong một khoảng thời gian nhất định, theo năm, quý hoặc tháng.
Chỉ số Turnover rate giúp các quản trị nhân lực nắm được số nhân viên thay đổi trong doanh nghiệp. Từ đó, nhà quản trị sẽ đưa ra những chiến lược, kế hoạch giữ chân nhân viên, nhân tài ở lại với công ty.
Tỷ lệ Employee Turnover Rate
How to calculate the employee turnover rate
The definition of ‘Employee’ may feel a bit unnecessary but is justified. Let me give an example to explain this.
At the start of a quarter, there were 100 employees. During this quarter, 5 employees left, and 10 joined. At the end of this period, there are 105 people working in the organization. Calculate turnover for this quarter.
The question now is, do we include everyone in our turnover rate denominator, or do we only include the existing employees (thereby excluding hires)?
This stresses the importance of making a clear distinction between Employees, Hires, and Terminations. These are three different groups with three different metrics. Hires are people who joined the company during the given period – and they should be treated as such as we have a separate set of metrics for them.
To illustrate this, hires are part of the hiring rate for the period. In case of early departure, they are included in a 90-day turnover metric, and in the 1st Year Turnover Rate. So, we should make a clear distinction between our hires and employees.
When we look back at our example, we see that we had 100 employees, five terminations, and ten hires. This means that the turnover in our example above is 5%, as five out of a hundred left the company.
This brings us to the turnover rate formula that we recommend for use.
This approach is in line with the description given in ISO 30414, a universal norm for Human Capital Reporting published in 2018, which takes the total number of leavers over a given period and divides it by the total number of people in the organization.
The annual turnover rate formula is then formulated as follows
Alternative approaches to calculating turnover
Although we recommend the turnover rate formula above, we do think it is useful to discuss a commonly discussed, alternative way of calculating employee turnover – one we do not agree with.
This approach is predominantly championed by ANSI and can also be found on multiple places on the internet. It proposes that the turnover rate equals the # Terminations divided by the average # of employees for each of the 12 months in the designated annual period.
This alternative turnover rate formula poses two problems. Let’s go over these one by one.
1. According to the ANSI definition, employees would include both existing employees and hires. It mixes both the hiring numbers and rates and the turnover numbers. This leads to an ‘impure’ calculation. Consider the following example that we set over a 3-month period of time for simplicity reasons. JanuaryFebruaryMarchOriginal Employee pool1009080Terminations per month101010New Hires per month202020Total employees100110120
We see that every month 10 employees leave, while every month 20 new hires join. According to this alternative calculation, which would take the average number of employees as the denominator, there are 30 terminations and on average 110 employees: (100+110+120)/3. This makes the turnover rate 30/110 = 27%.
Our proposed method shows a different number. 30 Terminations / 100 Employees at the start of the period = 30%.
The difference is that the first formula is diluted by Hires. This is why we propose to split Hires and Employees into two distinct categories to come up with a purer number. As mentioned before, Hires have their own set of metrics, including 90-day turnover and 1st year turnover.
Once we are done with the turnover metric calculation, we can analyze the data. Usually this is done through some sort of multivariate statistical analysis to see if there is any strong cause-and-effect relationship between the predictors of turnover and the dependent variable.
Mixing hires and terminations in a rate calculation might muddy the interpretability. One potential way to deal with this might be to include a predictor which accounts for this factor but the importance of keeping the analysis in mind is true regardless.
2. Our second concern is that this alternative approach allows for a changing denominator within the calculation time period. This poses another problem. A simpler example to illustrate this. JanuaryFebruaryMarchOriginal Employee pool1009080Terminations per month101010
As you can see, every month, 10 people leave. The ANSI formula would propose to average the number of employees in the denominator, resulting in a turnover rate of
Our proposed method shows a different number. 30 Terminations / 100 Employees at the start of the period = 30%. The 3-month turnover rate is therefore 30%. This also makes sense as 30 out of a 100 people we started with left.
3. There is also a very practical side to this story. The data we are working with in these examples, will come from a data pool or data warehouse. The dashboards and reports that are created based on this input data, need to comply with the practicalities of the system and measurements.
First of all, most of us will want to slice and dice our data. When it comes to the changing denominator we discussed earlier, our metric should make sense at all levels of disaggregation. This means that the formula must render a meaningful calculation at the individual level as well. Take this example of a single employee quitting. The time period selected is a 2-month period. JanuaryFebruaryOriginal Employee pool10Terminations per month10
Here the alternative approach would come up with the following formula
In our dashboard or HR report, we don’t want to have a reported 200% turnover when we make such a specific selection. This will be impossible to explain to a business partner or line manager.
In addition, we report on both our existing population and on our recruits. This is another argument to separate Employees from Hires, as both have their dedicated dashboard.
Employee turnover rate is the rate at which employees leave the organization. Turnover can be voluntary (initiated by the employee) and involuntary (representing firing, layoff, or expiration of the employment agreement). A company’s turnover rate can be an indicator of its culture.
In general, there is no such thing as a good turnover rate. This depends on your industry and the kind of jobs you offer. In a call center or in retail, 50% annual turnover isn’t bad. For astronauts, you wouldn’t want turnover to be over 5%.
To calculate turnover rate, we divide the number of terminates during a specific period by the number of employees at the beginning of that period. If we start the year with 200 employees, and during the year, 10 people terminate their contract, turnover is 10/200 = 0.05, or 5%.
To calculate turnover rate, we divide the number of terminates during the year by the number of employees at the beginning of that period. If we start the year with 200 employees, and during the year, 10 contracts are terminated, turnover is 10/200 = 0.05, or 5%.
Jenis Rumus Bagi Perusahaan Tertentu
Jika perusahaan Anda memiliki periode tutup buku keuangan dan kegiatan-kegiatan lainnya setiap tiga bulan atau 6 bulan (1 semester), maka ada baiknya Anda menggunakan rumus poin c. Apalagi jika perusahaan Anda juga mempekerjakan karyawan yang sifatnya musiman atau kontrak pada waktu tertentu. Sehingga Anda harus mengenal karakteristik karyawan perusahaan dan budaya perusahaan dalam merekrut karyawan baru.
Kemudian, apabila 1 periode perusahaan Anda adalah 12 bulan atau 1 tahun, Anda dapat memilih menggunakan rumus poin a atau b. Karena belum tentu juga perusahaan Anda mendapat karyawan baru atau ada karyawan yang keluar setiap bulannya. Terkait dengan karyawan kontrak, mereka akan menyesuaikan dengan aturan kontrak perusahaan. Umumnya perusahaan menggunakan kontrak dengan hitungan 1 tahun.
Selain waktu atau periode setiap perusahaan yang berbeda, jenis alasan mereka keluar atau resign dari perusahaan juga ikut mempengaruhi perhitungan. Tentu karyawan yang sudah waktunya pensiun tidak bisa dihitung bersama dengan karyawan yang mengundurkan diri secara sukarela. Atau kasus lain seperti turnover yang tidak bisa dikendalikan, misal istri yang harus ikut suami pindah tempat tinggal atau sebaliknya juga tidak bisa disatukan perhitungannya.
Manfaat Mengetahui Nilai Turnover Rate Karyawan
Apabila Anda bisa mengetahui nilai atau angka turnover rate pada karyawan perusahaan, Anda dapat melihat fenomena para karyawan keluar dari perusahaan, apakah mengalami penurunan atau peningkatan. Nilai turnover rate karyawan yang meningkat menandakan perusahaan perlu memperbaiki sistem kerja selama ini. Karena Anda mampu melihat kenaikannya, Anda akan tau kapan harus segera memperbaiki situasi tersebut. Salah satunya dengan membuat kegiatan pengembangan SDM, pemberian tunjangan insentif, dan sebagainya.
Nilai turnover rate karyawan juga dapat menjadi laporan dan bukti bahwa sistem kerja di perusahaan sudah sesuai atau belum dengan yang dibutuhkan karyawan. Misal dari segi beban kerja dan lingkungan kerja. Karena tidak dapat dipungkiri juga bahwa kepuasan kinerja karyawan sangat dipengaruhi oleh sistem kerja yang diberlakukan perusahaan. Sedangkan turnover rate karyawan juga sangat dipengaruhi oleh kepuasan kinerja karyawan.
Penyebab turnover rate karyawan meningkat sangat beragam, mulai dari manajer yang buruk, susahnya karyawan baru beradaptasi, hingga gaji yang kurang memuaskan. Meskipun banyak sekali penyebab yang membuat turnover rate karyawan meningkat, namun Anda dapat mencegahnya dengan memperbaiki sistem pengelolaan karyawan dengan lebih efektif dan efisien. Setidaknya karyawan tidak keluar dari perusahaan akibat pengelolaan karyawan buruk atau tidak profesional.
Untuk meringankan tugas Anda sebagai HR, Anda bisa menggunakan layanan HR seperti Sleekr (Mekari Talenta) untuk mengelola administrasi karyawan. Dengan berbagai fitur seperti absensi online, klaim, hingga pengajuan cuti, pekerjaan administrasi karyawan akan lebih mudah. Segera daftar dan gunakan Mekari Talenta untuk mempermudah pekerjaan Anda!
In the community of our AIHR Academy, we’ve had a few discussions about how to calculate employee turnover. In the people analytics space, employee turnover is arguably the most-discussed metric. However, calculating turnover is much trickier than it seems. In this article, we will propose a best practice for measuring employee turnover.
Lingkungan Kerja Toxic
Lingkungan kerja di suatu perusahaan memiliki faktor yang sangat penting baik bagi kinerja karyawan maupun perusahaan. Jangan sampai perusahaan Anda termasuk dalam golongan toxic workplace. Komunikasi yang baik antar karyawan dan adanya batasan dalam kehidupan pribadi dan kehidupan kantor sangatlah penting. Apabila gossip sudah menjadi makanan sehari-hari dalam perusahaan anda, maka lingkungan perusahaan Anda berpotensi menjadi toxic.
Hal ini tidak baik untuk perkembangan karyawan maupun kinerja perusahaan. Perusahaan yang seharusnya sebagai rumah kedua untuk mengembangkan karier karyawan dan perusahaan malah menjadi layaknya neraka dunia. Kesehatan mental sangat penting bagi karyawan demi mendukung kinerja perusahaan. Perlu sekali melakukan evaluasi, kemudian memperbaiki lingkungan kerja di dalam perusahaan dengan meningkatkan komunikasi, meningkatkan bonding dengan mengadakan acara informal, dan mengurangi gossip agar karyawan nyaman.
Calculating employee turnover: The problem
As those familiar with this topic might know, there is currently no ‘right’ way to calculate turnover. A quick Google search will show multiple websites using different formulas. The same happens at the professional bodies.
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI), an institute dedicated to facilitating consensus standards, uses a different definition than the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The turnover formula proposed by ISO also poses some ambiguity and can be explained (and thus calculated) in more than one way.
It is easy to understand why HR practitioners will get confused when it comes to this topic. Besides the technical difficulties of calculating the total number of employees and the ones who quit – a topic we won’t get into in this article – there is the challenge of calculating the turnover rate. Having a clear formula will help tremendously.
In order to answer the question how to calculate an employee turnover rate, we first need to define what we mean by employee turnover.
Employee: ANSI defines an employee as an individual ‘that received any payroll payment during the pay period that includes the 12th day of the month’. Additionally, we would like to add that an Employee cannot be a new Hire – more about that in the next section.
Turnover: Leaving the organization due to dismissal, attrition, and other reasons. These people will not be on the payroll during the next period.
Turnover rate: The percentage of Employees leaving in a given period of time.
Cách tính tỷ lệ Turnover chuẩn
Tỷ lệ nghỉ việc phản ánh môi trường làm việc cũng như mức độ trung thành, gắn bó của nhân sự đối với doanh nghiệp. Để tính tỷ lệ turnover rate, bạn cần nắm được số nhân viên làm việc và nghỉ việc trong khoảng thời gian bạn muốn tính. Dưới đây sẽ là một số cách tính tỷ lệ turnover thông dụng nhất.
Để tính tỷ lệ nghỉ việc theo tháng, bạn cần nắm được tổng số nhân viên lúc đầu tháng, số nhân viên cuối tháng. Cuối cùng là xác định số lượng nhân viên đã rời khỏi công ty trong tháng đó. Số nhân viên rời khỏi công ty chính là số lượng đã nghỉ việc. Từ đó bạn có thể có được cách tính tỷ lệ nghỉ việc theo tháng:
Tỷ lệ nghỉ việc = Số lượng nghỉ việc/Số nhân sự trung bình *100
Cách tính tỷ lệ Turnover Rate theo tháng
Ví dụ: Công ti A có 150 nhân viên tính đến ngày 27/08/2022. Trong tháng đó số lượng nhân viên có sự biến động như sau:
Tỷ lệ nghỉ việc theo quý cũng được tính giống như tỷ lệ nghỉ việc theo tháng. Điểm khác biệt duy nhất là thay thế dữ liệu tháng bằng dữ liệu của quý và tính. Lấy một ví dụ để minh hoạ cho cách tính này.
Ví dụ: Vẫn là công ti A như ví dụ trên có biến động nhân sự trong quý I/2022, cụ thể là:
Cách tính tỷ lệ nghỉ việc theo quý
Để tính tỷ lệ turnover rate theo năm, bạn cũng có cách tính giống như tính theo tháng và theo quý. Bên cạnh đó, bạn cũng cần có dữ liệu biến động nhân sự của doanh nghiệp trong năm.
Ví dụ: Giả sử công ti X có tổng số 70 nhân viên nghỉ việc trong năm 2022. Tổng số nhân viên theo quý I, II, III là 140 người. Cuối năm do công việc nhiều nên họ thường thuê thêm 15% nhân viên vào quý IV.
Cách tính tỷ lệ Turnover Rate theo năm
Rumus Menghitung Turnover Rate Karyawan
Sebenarnya terdapat banyak cara untuk menghitung turnover rate karyawan ini. Hanya saja tidak banyak tim HR yang mengetahuinya. Simak rumus-rumus berikut jika Anda berniat untuk menghitung turnover rate karyawan di perusahaan Anda.
Pada poin a dan b, biasa digunakan untuk menghitung turnover rate karyawan secara tahunan. Sedangkan poin c digunakan untuk menghitung turnover rate karyawan dengan satuan waktu bulan. Kemudian khusus untuk poin d, Anda dapat menggunakannya apabila Anda ingin mencari angka turnover rate karyawan pada tahun pertama mereka bekerja. Anda dapat menyesuaikan rumus mana yang akan Anda gunakan tergantung pada kondisi perusahaan. Simak penjelasannya dibawah ini.
Các lý do nghỉ việc phổ biến hiện nay và cách giải quyết
Tỷ lệ nhảy việc ở Việt Nam nói riêng và trên thế giới nói chung luôn dao động ở những con số không hề nhỏ. Nguyên nhân dẫn đến tình trạng này thường bao gồm cả nguyên nhân khách quan lẫn nguyên nhân chủ quan. Dưới đây là một số lý do xin nghỉ việc phổ biến và cách giải quyết hợp lý, mang lại lợi ích cho đôi bên.
